How NGOs reshape urban green space justice in Beijing

Abstract

Realizing green justice in cities requires both the equitable distribution of urban green spaces (UGSs) across different social groups and meaningful public participation in decision-making. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are active in this process, but their role in reshaping UGS justice remains underexplored. On the basis of 58 in-depth interviews with NGO staff, officials and other stakeholders in Beijing, along with participant observations and social media analysis, this study reveals that NGOs frame distributive equity as less urgent. Rather, they focus on procedural justice through supervision, networking, advocacy and the use of legal frameworks to secure participation. In the ..